3D --- Media Creation --- Shared Space
Published by 4th WAVE, Inc.
Issue #701 1/17/96
CONTENTS
Microsoft to Make Major Announcements at Multimedia Strategy Day
Multimedia Strategy Day has been moved to February (Watch WAVE for the date in a subsequent issue.) Microsoft is expected to announce a broad spectrum of actions to define its New Unified Media Services for the Active Platform - DirectX. In conjunction with major tool developers, IHVs, OEMs, online providers and end users, Microsoft will show how DirectX will enable multimedia on the Internet. Attendance is for the Press, Industry Analysts and Industry Influencers by invitation.
e-mail: ruthwilliams_ima@msn.com
Microsoft to Release DirectX 5.0 Beta and Expose Direct 3D Improvements at Meltdown
From February 11 - 13 Microsoft will hold Meltdown 97 in Redmond, WA. The first day will include a DirectX Architectural Overview and parallel software and hardware seminar tracks. Topics to be discussed include: 3D Driver Development, Direct 3D, AGP, Multimonitor, and OnNow. Microsoft will have the DirectX team present to work directly with developers during the testing and also to listen to their concerns and interests. The 12th and 13th are testing days where it is expected that 75 companies will bring their latest hardware for testing. This promises to be an important event in Direct3D and for all game developers who are targeting the Windows platform. Developers must register in advance.
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/meltdown.htm
Last week Microtech International announced the 3D Xplosion add-on card for Macintosh computers. The card, which is based on S-MOS PIX rendering engine, reportedly can calculate 66 Mpixels/sec. It will be available in May for around $139 retail. This follows the announcement last November that PIX had added support for Apple's QuickDraw 3D RAVE.
http://www.smos.com/standard/pix/index.html
XLR8 by Interex Inc. also announced a PIX-based add-on card for Macs, the 3D Scream. It will come bundled with games based on QuickDraw 3D RAVE, and will be available in March for around $129.
3Dfx has launched 6 newsgroups to discuss their products and technologies, including: d3d drivers, products, oem.products.diamond.monster3d, oem.products.orchid.righteous3d, game.titles and events. The newsgroups can be reached via the Web at:
http://www.3dfx.com/game_dev/newsgroups.html
In two unrelated Macromedia stories since last week, Macromedia announced both a substantial fiscal loss and the acquisition of FutureWave Software Inc. In a story reported last week in PC Week magazine, it was revealed that last Thursday Macromedia announced a $2.3 million loss in Q3 1996, down 9% from sales during the same period the previous year. The loss subsequently led to a 30% drop in stock value the following day, down $4 on opening Friday morning from $13.50 the night before.
The same week, Macromedia also announced the acquisition of FutureWave Software, a San Diego-based multimedia tools developer. The acquisition gives Macromedia the FutureSplash Animator software (renamed to Shockwave Flash), which allows Internet developers to create small, fast, Shockwave animations. Macromedia's Shockwave Flash is available now for $249 for Windows and Macintosh Platforms.
http://www.macromedia.com/macromedia/investors/q3/results.html
http://www.macromedia.com/software/flash/
Macromedia wasn't the only one smarting from dropping revenues. This week Pinnacle Systems also announced the financial results for the second fiscal quarter of 1996. The results revealed a net loss of more than $9 million (-$1.25 per share), with net sales down from $11.8 the previous year to $5.3 million in 1996. Pinnacle attributes the loss to lower demand across all product lines, with the most significant being a reduction in OEM business (with desktop OEM sales down 80% from the previous year).
On the other hand, the news for Chips & Technologies was much better. In their financial report for the second fiscal quarter of 1996 that was released this week, C & T reported that revenues for Q4 1996 were $48.2 million, a 26% increase over the $38.3 million earned in the same quarter the previous year. Net income for the quarter had increased 106% from the same quarter the previous year, up to $9.8 million resulting in $0.42 earnings per share.
MetaTools Acquires Real Time Geometry Corp.
MetaTools, a California-based Macintosh graphics tools vendors, recently announced their acquisition of Real Time Geometry Corp., a company specializing in real-time 3D for Macintosh, Windows, Unix and console (Sega, PSX, Nintendo). Under the terms of the deal, MetaTools offered 1.3 million shares of their common stock in exchange for all of Real Time's outstanding shares. MetaTools, which are responsible for many popular Mac and Windows graphics tools including Kai's Power Tools, Bryce 2, KPT Final Effects and Kai's Power GOO, have said that they will integrate Real Time Geometry's technology into the current and future products.
3DS Plug-ins Popping Up Online
As a Christmas Eve present, Kinetix posted three new free plug-ins to Compuserve, including a revised Reflection Map plug-in, a revised Path Controller, Spherify and Camera Mapping. Since then, it has been reported that 30-40 new plug-ins have been popping up on Compuserve from customers. According to a Kinetix spokesperson, "Kinetix thinks it's pretty amazing that a commercial software product is continually being improved (for free) by dedicated users."
Compuserve: GO KINETIX
QuickTime for Windows Support Grows
At MacWorld last week, Apple announced that several new companies have joined the QuickTime 2.5 for Windows co-development team, including Allegiant Technologies, Electric Image, miro Computer Products, Inc., Strata, Specular and Terran Interactive. These new memebers join the key companies already involved: Adobe, Broderbund, Equilibrium, Macromedia, Media 100 and Truevision. In addition, over 100 hardware and software vendors have endorsed QT 2.5 for Windows.
Premiering this month at the Carnegie Science Center (Carnegie Mellon University), is ROBOTIX: MARS MISSION, which is being described as "the first example of interactive virtual reality cinema." The demonstration utilizes a SPITZ ElecticHorizon virtual reality theater, with graphics generated in real-time on an SGI ONYX platform. ROBOTIX is a simulation of an exploration for life on Mars, and is based on real data and information gathered by NASA during Mars missions. For information, contact the ROBOTIX Project Director, Carl Loeffler:
cel@andrew.cmu.edu
(412) 681-7142
Here's a couple of interesting VRML resources that we've run across on the Web lately:
Greg Seidman's Browser Implementation Comparison list the 10 most prominent VRML 2.0 browsers and compares their features and capabilities, including script node languages, rendering library and advanced VRML 2.0 feature support.
http://zing.ncsl.nist.gov/~gseidman/vrml/comparison.html
The VRML Test Suite, sponsored by NIST, offers a number of resources for VMRL testing and compliance, including an abstract on "Interactive Conformance Testing for VRML," as well NIST's tests for VRML 2.0 compliance.
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/ctg/vrml/vrml.htm
Lundstrom Design of Stockholm, Sweden, has released version 2.0 of their flagship modeling application for the Macintosh, Touch-3D. Touch-3D 2.0 began as a utility that imported models and "flattened" them into foldable 2D images, and now version 2.0 adds 3D modeling tools, support for colors and layers, and import/export capability for 3DMF, DXF, MiniCad and Adobe Illustrator. Other additions include a unique "unfold" view, four drawing modes, spline tools, knife tools, and improved printing capabilities. Touch-3D is available through Lundstrom's US distributor, PaXar Technologies for $395.
http://www.csbcomp.com/PaXar/home.html
701.2 Microsoft Focuses on Improvements to Direct3D by John Latta
Microsoft is responding to concerns raised about Direct3D and is firm in its resolve that this API is the best for game developers on the Windows platform. In an exclusive to the WAVE Report Microsoft outlined its initiatives. These improvements are coming rapidly and are being targeted for the release of DirectX 5.0. As reported in QuickNews, Microsoft has two major events in February. At Multimedia Strategy Day Microsoft will describe how DirectX is the foundation for Unified Media Services, which includes Direct 3D. Also coming is Meltdown 97 which has been expanded to include a seminar on DirectX. The DirectX team will be present and the first Beta version which supports the improvements in Direct3D will be released.
According to Jay Torborg, Director of Graphics and Multimedia, Windows OS Division: "We expected 3D hardware to be deployed faster than it has and we also expected it to have a more parallel architecture than it currently has. The ease of use portion of Direct3D was short of the mark in our quest for optimal performance on the hardware we expected. We are now addressing the ease of use issue and are, of course, focusing on optimizing the code paths being used by actual hardware." Jay also states that "A key strength of Direct3D is its integration with our overall multimedia architecture, but it also must stand on its own as a high quality product. Microsoft is committed to that objective."
Ty Graham, Technical Evangelist, PC Platform Team, is focused in working with developers. Ty states that "Microsoft is concerned about the performance of Direct3D and that this is not an issue which stands alone. We have found that there are three components: Direct3D, the HAL and the application. All three must be optimized to get the best performance." In DirectX 5.0 Microsoft has made a significant improvement in Direct3D usability with the incorporation of DrawTriangle. Originally Microsoft expected that having developers create Execute Buffers would be the best path to performance optimized 3D, however, this has not proven to be the case. The complexity of setting up Execute buffers and limited documentation created a barrier for game developers which Microsoft, according to Ty, is committed to correcting. In early tests Microsoft has seen significant performance improvements when developers use DrawTriangle due to the ease with which developers can now understand what is going on. On the other hand execute buffers are a very sharp sword that allows developers to tailor their performance to the hardware or the software rasterizers to the host processor. This is complex code. A key difference with OpenGL is that this API does not allow one to find out what is going on in the hardware or your software rasterizers. Using DrawTriangle Ty feels that Microsoft is at parity in performance with Glide, the 3Dfx API. Another area which Microsoft is focused on is documentation. Ty Graham states "We are absolutely sensitive to the documentation issue. In the DDK which will be rolled out at Meltdown, there will be several orders of magnitude improvement in the documentation. We believe we are part of the way towards making developers happy with the new documentation."
Mark Kenworthy, Group Program Manager - DirectX Foundation, Windows OS, is responsible for the implementation of DirectX 5.0. He states that "The 5.0 release will be a major step forward in fit and finish for DirectX; our primary focus is usability for our developers, our secondary issue is better integration with other Microsoft multimedia technologies." The primary enhancement for Direct3D in DirectX 5.0 will be, according to Mark, "The incorporation of the DrawTriangle API, which will mesh well with the current crop of game engines. Many of the current game engines rely on polygon sorting algorithms, which do not fit well with the execute buffer paradigm, since they create unique polygon lists every frame. The DrawTriangle API will allow these engines to achieve full performance with Direct3D. We will also provide source level wrappers to the immediate mode API, which encapsulate common sets of immediate mode function calls in single function calls, thus significantly improving ease of use for the vast majority of Direct3D users. The example programs for Direct3D will be expanded to include a variety of small programs which illustrate the use of individual Direct3D features, and the use of the new API wrappers."
Eric Engstrom, Group Program Manager - DirectX, is forthright when he states, "We hear our developers, we are doing what they asked. There is no finish line in the race for performance and ease of use. There is a continual quest to be the best and Microsoft will be there."
Kevin Dallas, Group Product Manager, emphasizes that "A major strength of Direct3D is that it is not only part of the upcoming announcement of the New Unified Media Services for the Active Platform - DirectX at Strategy Day but that Direct3D is integrated with Microsoft's Internet strategy."
701.3 Conference Report - MacWorld by John Latta
MacWorld - San Francisco - A Big Flea Market
Points to Ponder
The Macintosh masses came to San Francisco looking for a boost from the bad news and what they got was a flea market. Seems inconsistent but that is the state of the Macintosh today. On the show floor we spoke to developers who were asking the question - where is all this going? QuickDraw 3D still has a good modular architecture but with the pace of activities on the Windows side it seems as if Apple is in its own world. The NeXT boost seems hardly like a boost and more like uncertainty. As Apple heads to 1998 with unclear OS plans its developers, those who are still loyal are left holding an empty glass as Apple's market share continues to plummet. In spite of this gloom the aisles were packed with end users buying. Different from years past where we saw "suits," i.e., corporate types in the aisles on weekdays, at this Macworld they could not be found. Either a change in clothes or they are not buying - we are inclined to believe the latter as corporations have largely given up on the Macintosh.
Apple - Rhapsody is the OS Solution
Apple announced the next generation of its operating system based on the merger of technologies from Apple and NeXT. It is claimed that developers will be able to create applications "that leapfrog those of other 'modern' operating systems, such as Windows NT." The first developer release is scheduled in mid to late 1997 with customer release 12 months later. At the show Apple also announced Mac OS 7.6 as an update to the current OS. Apple was also stating that it intends to lead the market with its QuickTime Media Layer (QTML) for both the Mac OS and Rhapsody. The next release of the Mac OS is called Tempo and is targeted for mid- 1997. This will be PowerPC native and have a multi-threaded Finder.
Apple - Quick Time VR 2.0 Launched
QuickTime VR 2.0 includes a C API which allows developers to integrate worlds which have 3D objects, movies, audio and animation in them. As a part of the QuickTime Media Layer (QTML) developers can port their applications to both the Mac OS, Windows and the Internet. Support in applications was announced by Microsoft, Macromedia, Strata, mFactory and MetaTools. Netscape will support Quick Time VR with plug-in for Navigator 3.0 and Communicator. Apple's QTVR team also announced three key strategic relationships, in which Be Here Corp., eVox Productions and OLiVR will collaborate with Apple on QTVR development.
Vertigo - 3D Dizzy
This is a suite of 3D components which allows professionals to bring 3D models into Adobe's Photoshop, Premier, After Effects and PhotoDeluxe using a plug-in. One can bring the models into these applications, manipulate them and change the lighting in real time. The price is $88.
VDOnet
VDOnet announced the availability of VDOLive Mac Tools which are bundled into every VDOLive server at no cost. This will allow QuickTime content to be broadcast from its servers, enabling it tobecome a source of video streaming data.
Pixera - 1 million pixels for $599
Pixera announced a digital camera which supports 24-bit color images with up to 1M pixels for $599. Targeted for the desktop, Web publishing and multimedia, it is a part of the Pixera Visual Communications System which allows for the capture, manipulation, enhancement and management of high resolution visual images. Available for both the Macintosh and Windows 95 the bundle of the camera and software comes in two models: Personal with a fixed focus lens for $599, and Professional with variable focus C-mount lens for $1195. The bundled software includes: Pixera Studio for capturing and enhancing images and Album as a multimedia data base.
Power Computing - Fastest PowerPC
Setting new performance levels PowerPC announced the Powertower Pro 250 MHz and 225MHz multiprocessing systems which begin at $4,995. Based on the PowerPC 604e these systems these are claimed to be the only multiprocessing systems on the market today using these processors. These systems support both the Be and Mac OS operating systems.
Plastic Thought - Active Art
Two forms of 3D clip art were announced: Activeart Web Edition which has 1000 files of 3DMF, VRML, Animated GIF and JPEG files which are optimized for the Web and 3D-Active Vol.1 which has 54 3D objects. The pricing is respectively $79.95 and $49.95.
ATI Technologies - Xclaim VR QuickTime accelerator for the Mac
ATI Technologies announced Xclaim VR for PCI Macs which has QuickDraw 3D acceleration, accelerated QuickTime playback, QuickTime capture, QuickDraw 2D acceleration and TV out. Using both mach64 for 2D and RAGE for 3D this card comes in a 2MB version for $269 and 4MB for $349. Also available is Xclaim TV which is a tv tuner for only $99.
Kaidan - More QuickTime VR Panoramic Tripod Heads
Two new heads were announced in the QuickPan family. QP-5 is Kaidan's standard QTVR panoramic tripod head for $399.95. The QP-6, Pro version, is $489.95.
Philips Semiconductors and Metrowerks - Software Development Tools for TriMedia
Philips Semiconductors and Metrowerks announced that the TriMedia development tools would be incorporated into the Metroworks CodeWarrior software development environment. This will allow for a single development environment for Macintosh multimedia applications using the TriMedia processor. The new product CodeWarrior for TriMedia will also be hosted on Windows 95 and Windows NT. The price is $699.
http://www.semiconductor.philips.com
701.4 VRML Consortium: Status by Rikk Carey and David Lohse
Five months after it was announced at last August's SIGGRAPH, the VRML Consortium is finally taking off. Rikk Carey, the Interim President of the VRML Consortium, provided an extended response to questions submitted by the WAVE Report. We have edited these into an article which provides new information on the state of VRML as an industry initiative.
WAVE's interview with Rikk Carey is now online at http://www.fourthwave.com/wave/carey.html
MEMBERSHIP:
The VRML Consortium has been incorporated in California as a non-profit organization, which, as of this week, has 42 members (29 charter members, 9 voting members, and 4 non-voting members). The technical working groups, which do much of the actual work concerning the VRML specs, are open for anyone to join. Membership costs vary:
Charter: $15,000/year
Voting: $7,500/year
Non-voting: $1,000/year
Working Group: Free
Individual memberships incur a large support structure and costs. The decision on having such a membership category will wait until a permanent board is in place.
CHARTER MEMBERS:
3Dlabs, Inc., Apple Computer, Axial Systems, Inc., Black Sun Interactive, Inc., Construct Internet Design Co., dFORM, Inc., Division Limited, First Virtual Holdings, Inc., IBM Corporation, Integrated Data Systems, Intel Corporation, Intervista Software, Inc., Kinetix, Microsoft Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, Inc., Netscape Communications Corporation, OnLive! Technologies, Oracle Corporation, ParaGraph International, Platinum Technology, Inc., S3, Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., SENSE8 Corporation, Silicon Graphics, Inc., Silver Haze, Sony Corporation, Superscape, Inc., Template Graphics Software, Inc., Visible Decisions, Inc.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:
BOARD OF DIRECTORS & VRB:
The elections for the board of directors as well as the VRB (the VAG's successor) are currently underway. Results will be announced at VRML 97 in Monterey, CA in February.
PRESIDENT:
Although there are 15 board seats, elections are being held for only 14. The 15th seat, which is reserved for the President, who will be chosen by the Board members.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR:
The Executive Director has already been selected: Deepak Kamlani, the Managing Director of Interprise Ventures. He was instrumental in setting up the Consortium and has helped to form several other prominent consortiums. The Executive Director will be responsible for handling the administrative and operational issues.
GOALS:
After the Consortium has been fully established, it is expected that their first order of business will be to stabilize the VRML 2.0 specification. Although a slew of VRML 2.0 browsers currently exist, their performance and support of the floating standard vary considerably. Mr. Carey's beliefs are that " the major effort will be to stabilize the 2.0 specification (mostly done), develop conformance tests and an accreditation service, kick-off technical working groups on a variety of research topics (multi-user, avatar standards, networking protocols, scripting languages, database integration, binary file format, external interface, etc.), and begin a coherent education and marketing program for VRML."
Further, he expects that the Consortium should concentrate on three major issues after that:
1. Multi-user capabilities
Of these issues, most in the VRML community will agree that imbuing VRML with multi-user capabilities is of paramount performance, with many feeling that VRML isn't even really complete until these features are added. While several leading companies have developed their own multi- user solutions for VRML (such as Worlds and Black Sun, to name a few), a standard solution is conspicuously absent.
2. An external interface (EAI)
The external interface extension to VRML (EAI) has already been voted on and accepted. In order to be officially ratified, however, a working group must be created and verify it with at least two implementations as well as a final review.
3. A binary file format
This also needs to be reviewed by a working group, after which it will be added to the VRML 2.0 spec, most likely as an addendum.
OPINION:
Rikk Carey also had important views on the future of VRML:
"First, try not to judge VRML by the early demos and hype that you've seen in the past. The browsers are adolescents that need time to grow up, but the spec is built on a solid foundation. Expect to be surprised by how far VRML progresses in 1997. Also, note that we recognize that the hype around VRML is a double-edged sword. To tell you the truth, its better to be over-represented than completely ignored. We will endeavor to set reasonable expectations and present reliable information in the future.
Second, if you are interested in being active in VRML, just do it. Consider consortium membership (voting and non-voting), technical working groups, the www-vrml mailing list and informal discussion as avenues for your participation.
Third, give the Consortium a chance. Once the elected board and VRB have had time to gather their wits, then let them have it. ;-) But, at least give them the benefit of the doubt (so often missing today) and an opportunity to get elected and make some decisions."
701.5 3D Home Design Programs Reviewed by Malisa L. Burkeen
We often get asked the question what is the best selling 3D program or class of 3D programs? Without a doubt it is 3D Home Design programs. We estimate that the unit quantities could be as high as 1m units/year. This class of programs go well beyond games and are widely enjoyed by women. At the WAVE Report we decided to look further into this 3D application.
If you have been considering some home redecorating or remodeling, there are several 3D software programs available that could help you design all or part of your home. All of the programs have varying degrees of 3D and as with most products, some are better than others. Each program has its own benefits, but all require quite a bit of time to learn, so we suggest you schedule practice time into your remodeling schedule. Just get out your mouse and imagination and start clicking on that new kitchen or bathroom.
FloorPlan Plus 3D is a semi-easy to use home layout program. The user can choose to create their own layout from scratch by constructing walls, doors and windows or begin with one of the 1,001 sample floor plans. With the click of the mouse furniture, stairs, appliances, carpeting and cabinets can be added from over 500 pre-drawn symbols in the library.
Accompanying the program is a helpful User's Guide which is easy to follow and is broken up into sections so the user can find information on a drawing , building or viewing techniques with ease. Starting the program from scratch was not difficult with the help of the graphic buttons on the screen. The snap to grid feature allows the user to construct exactly to the preferred dimensions.
The best feature of the program is the Garden Designer tool which accompanies the program. The garden encyclopedia which references up to 1500 varieties of plants and flowers is superb with very realistic planning and growth plans. This is the most easy to use of all features of the program. The most fun too.
The 3D Viewer allows the user to view the room as if you were standing in it. Moving and looking around the room helps to get a real feel for your newly created design. Unfortunately, the graphics colors are limited and the final product is not even close to being aesthetically appealing.
This is the best program we used. It took no time to learn how to create entire rooms built to scale from scratch. The user manual provides an excellent tutorial that enables a user to learn the ins- and - outs of this program in less than one hour. The program includes an extensive swatch book with floor and wall coverings, furniture, appliances, etc. This swatch book makes it easy for the user to see what is available in the library without having to search through the directories.
The instruction manual is short and easy to read. It provides thorough explanations of the product and its features. The best of which is the realism of the true life renderings and ease with which the user can maneuver and "WalkAround" their creation. The colors, prints, patterns and textures provided by the software truly allow the user to design a new kitchen, den, and bath, quickly and easily.
Interesting features include the birds-eye view which provides the user with an aerial view of their plan; the walkaround view which lets the user walk through their design using the arrow keys, and the lighting control feature which gives the user a realistic shaded view of their plan. Then, if you don't like what you see on your tour, change the carpet, floor covering, paint or wallpaper by choosing something new from the library of objects, colors and textures.
The only complaint, if it could be called that, is that this program does not have a lot of the "extras" that other programs such as IMSI with its garden and landscape feature has. However, a separate suite of products (Design Your Own Home Suite) is available which has architecture, landscape, design estimator and other features. Overall, this program is just plain fun.
Broderbund's 3D Home Architect provides a middle of the road product. It is relatively easy to learn and use, has mediocre images and object libraries and basic features. Several thorough tutorials are provided in the user's manual, although some of the instructions aren't extremely clear, a user can get workable knowledge from completing the tutorials.
The best feature is "Smart Parts Technology" which automatically matches walls you draw into aligned corners and prevents you from putting a shower in a space that is too small, for example. Trying to figure dimensions on your own as required in other programs is difficult, but "Smart Parts Technology" takes the difficulty out by doing it for you.
3D Home Architect has a suite of pre-drawn plans which can facilitate the designing process. Other useful tools are the automatic roof designer and PlanCheck(tm) technology which will review the entire plan for design errors. Once you have completed your plan, you can generate a materials list for your new project. This list takes the form of a spreadsheet where the user can input prices of each material to help track costs and estimates.
Softdesk has developed a complete product with features that take the decorator in you to new levels, if you can figure out how to use it. The software comes with a getting started guide that provides a series of two minute tutorials to help the user, however, some of the tutorials are not well written and are difficult to complete, but can be conquered. Once the tutorials are done, you have the basic knowledge needed to start a plan.
The misery and difficulty you suffered through is forgotten once you get an actual plan and begin using the virtual decorator feature. This feature lets the user choose from more than 150 wallpaper designs, more than 100 doors and windows, paintings, and carpeting, just to name a few. The images and textures in this program are very good, unlike some of the other programs.
Once your new plan is decorated, you can walk through it and create virtual reality movie tours to get the feel of the new design. If you can't get past the difficulty of creating your own plan, there are 500 floor plans available for you to choose from. These are helpful when trying to see the full scope of the software's viewing and decorating capabilities.
We found this to be one of the best programs, however difficult. When you add Softdesk's other products such as Planix Exterior Designer, you should have all you need to design a completely new home.
Copyright 1997 4th WAVE Inc.
May be redistributed in full for individual readership and posted to newsgroups, Web, and FTP sites. May not be reprinted or redistributed for profit. Short quotes are permitted but must be attributed to the WAVE Report on Digital Media.